Paper, 'Preliminary note on the apex of the leaf in Osmunda and Todea. From the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Gardens, Kew' by F O [Frederick Orpen] Bower

Description

Bower writes: 'It has long been accepted, in accordance with the investigations of Sadebeck, that there is at the apex of the young leaf of the fern a two-sided, wedge-shaped, apical cell, and that, after this cell has lost its identity by periclinal, and subsequently by anticlinal divisions, the growth of the leaf is continued at the margin by the persistent activity of a linear series of marginal cells. It is true that this is the mode of development of many fern-leaves, but, as my observations show, it does not apply for all cases, while those exceptional cases are particularly interesting as occupying an intermediate position in this, as also in other, respects between the true ferns, on the one hand, and the Marathaceae and Cycadeae on the other. It is among the Osmundaceae that these exceptional cases occur. In the young leaves of Todea superba and of Osmunda cinnamomea it was found that the apex is occupied by a well-marked, three-sided, conical, apical cell, from the three sides of which, segments are cut off in regular succession, as at the apex of the stem of Equisetum. The apical cell is so placed that one side faces the ventral side of the leaf, while the remaining two sides are obliquely disposed with regard to the dorsal side of the leaf. No clearly marked marginal series of persistently active cells have been found, giving rise to the pinnae, as is stated to be the case for the typical ferns. Further, there appears to be no strict relation between the points of origin of the pinnae and the segments cut off from the apical cell. The pinnae arise in acropetal order. In itself no great importance is to be attached to the difference between a three-sided and a two-sided apical cell. For example, it has been clearly shown in a paper by Treub, on the vegetative organs of Selaginella Martensii, that the two forms of apical cell are to be found on different shoots of the same species. But in the case of the leaf of the fern, the whole development, as described by Sadebeck and by Ruy, is so closely connected with the‘existence of a two-sided cell that a departure from that arrangement is to be regarded as of more importance than would otherwise be due to it, and it appears to me to supply an intermediate step towards the more complex leaf of the Marathaceae and Cycadeae.'

Annotations in pencil and ink.

Subject: Botany

Received 7 March 1884. Read 20 March 1884.

A version of this paper was published in volume 36 of the Proceedings of the Royal Society as Preliminary note on the apex of the leaf in Osmunda and Todea. (From the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Gardens, Kew.)'.

Reference number

PP/4/38

Earliest possible date

1884

Physical description

Ink and graphite pencil on paper

Page extent

2 pages

Format

Manuscript